SL Helicopter Flying Handbook/Navigation

SECTION 11. Navigation

1 Introduction

Air navigation is the process of piloting an airport from one location to a desired location without getting lost, violating airspace restrictions, or endangering the safety of those in the aircraft or on the ground. The specific methods use for navigation depend on many factors including the pilot's experience and familiarity with the route, and the types of navigation equipment available in the aircraft. Methods can include pilotage (navigation by reference to landmarks), dead reckoning (calculating a course based on compass headings and wind conditions), GPS-based navigation, and VOR-based navigation. In addition, some aircraft may be equipped with an autopilot that may or may not interface with the navigation equipment. It is the responsibility of the pilot to become familiar with the equipment available in the aircraft they are operating.

1.1 Pilotage and Dead Reckoning

1.1.1 Pilotage

Pilotage is the process of navigating by reference to fixed points on the ground, often in conjunction with an aeronautical chart or map, or by using the chart to plan the route. It is often the simplest form of navigation and often the first one that a pilot will learn. In SL, pilotage can include flight by reference to specific region names. For example, to fly from White Star Airport (SLWS) to Hollywood (SLHA), one might use the following route:

1. Depart SLWS Eastbound
2. Turn right to South at Oobilon
3. Turn left to East at Blake Sea - Swab
4. Turn left to North at Blake Sea - China
5. Land at Hollywood

1.1.2 Dead Reckoning

Figure 1: Wind Triangle

Dead Reckoning is the process of calculating heading, speed and time to travel between fixed points given vehicle speed and wind conditions. While dead reckoning is not a common technique for SL navigation, it is useful for pilots to understand the basics, in particular when flying an aircraft with simulated wind.