Difference between revisions of "Brantly B2-B/Normal Procedures"

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<span class=sa-section>SECTION 4. NORMAL PROCEDURES</span>
 
<span class=sa-section>SECTION 4. NORMAL PROCEDURES</span>
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PREFLIGHT
+
 
 +
=== PREFLIGHT ===
 +
 
 
A thorough pre-flight inspection is essential to the safe conduct of your flight. The following procedures are recommended:
 
A thorough pre-flight inspection is essential to the safe conduct of your flight. The following procedures are recommended:
−
Inspect bubble for cracks
+
#Inspect bubble for cracks
−
Inspect landing lights
+
#Inspect landing lights
−
Inspect pitot tube for blockage
+
#Inspect pitot tube for blockage
−
Inspect antenna for security
+
#Inspect antenna for security
−
Inspect right skids and struts. Ensure shocks not over compressed
+
#Inspect right skids and struts. Ensure shocks not over compressed
−
Remove right engine cowling
+
#Remove right engine cowling
−
Check all belts, fuel and exhaust lines
+
#Check all belts, fuel and exhaust lines
−
Replace right engine cowling
+
#Replace right engine cowling
−
Inspect fan intake for blockage
+
#Inspect fan intake for blockage
−
Inspect main rotor blades including inner and outer blades. Check all control linkages and dampers between inner and outer blades.
+
#Inspect main rotor blades including inner and outer blades. Check all control linkages and dampers between inner and outer blades.
−
Inspect tail rotor drive shaft
+
#Inspect tail rotor drive shaft
−
Inspect right side fuselage
+
#Inspect right side fuselage
−
Check horizontal stabilizer for security
+
#Check horizontal stabilizer for security
−
Check tail rotor gearboxes for security
+
#Check tail rotor gearboxes for security
−
Check tail rotor for security and damage
+
#Check tail rotor for security and damage
−
Remove hex nut on drive shaft and check oil level. Add if necessary.
+
#Remove hex nut on drive shaft and check oil level. Add if necessary.
−
Inspect left-side fuselage
+
#Inspect left-side fuselage
−
Ensure baggage door closed
+
#Ensure baggage door closed
−
Remove left-side engine cowling
+
#Remove left-side engine cowling
−
Check air filter, generator security, exhaust and fuel lines.
+
#Check air filter, generator security, exhaust and fuel lines.
−
Check engine oil level.
+
#Check engine oil level.
−
Check main rotor transmission fluid level.
+
#Check main rotor transmission fluid level.
−
Replace left-side engine cowling.
+
#Replace left-side engine cowling.
−
Check fuel level.
+
#Check fuel level.
−
Drain both fuel sumps on belly and ensure no water or contaminants in fuel.
+
#Drain both fuel sumps on belly and ensure no water or contaminants in fuel.
−
Inspect left-side skids and struts. Ensure shocks not over compressed.
+
#Inspect left-side skids and struts. Ensure shocks not over compressed.
−
Turn main rotor blades backwards to ensure centrifugal clutch is disengaged.
+
#Turn main rotor blades backwards to ensure centrifugal clutch is disengaged.
−
STARTING
+
 
 +
=== STARTING ===
 
Use the following procedure for normal starts:
 
Use the following procedure for normal starts:
−
Cyclic, anti-torque pedals neutral. Collective full down.
+
 
−
Throttle to idle
+
#Controls – neutral
−
Master On (Bat. and Gen.)
+
#Collective – full down
−
Beacon On
+
#Throttle – idle
−
Fuel pump On
+
#Mixture - lean
−
Rotor brake On
+
#Beacon – on
−
Slightly raise collective to verify low rpm horn and panel light activate, then lower collective again.
+
#Fuel Cutoff – on
−
Throttle full and Mixture full rich for 4-5 sec., the back to mixture lean and throttle idle. This primes the engine, but priming too long will flood the engine and make it more difficult to start.
+
#Switches (Bat., Gen., Fuel Pump) – on
−
Magnetos (Mags) to Both
+
#Rotor Brake – on
−
Verify battery charge at least 9 volts.
+
#Collective – raise slightly, then lower (verify low rpm horn sounds)
−
Press and hold starter until engine catches. (Note: starter will not engage if throttle is over 15%).
+
#Volts – verify > 9 volts
−
When engine catches, immediately increase mixture to full rich. You must do this quickly, or the engine will stall.
+
#Mags – both
−
Rotor brake Off
+
#Throttle full and Mixture full rich for 4 seconds, then back to throttle idle and mixture cutoff. (This primes engine for start.  Avoid priming too long to prevent flooding of engine*)
−
Slowly increase throttle to 2000 RPM allowing rotor to catch up to engine.
+
#Starter – press and hold until engine starts
−
Briefly chop throttle and verify needle split, then throttle back to 2000.
+
#Mixture – Full rich as soon as engine starts
−
Governor On
+
#Rotor brake – off
−
Slowly increase throttle to about 2500 RPM, then let governor manage throttle to full RPM
+
#Oil Press – Wait for > 25 psi
 +
#Cylinder Temp – Wait for > 100 C
 +
#ELT - ARMED
 +
#Transponder – ALT
 +
#Radios - set
 +
#Throttle – slowly increase to 2000 RPM.
 +
#Throttle – chop quickly.  Verify needle split then back to 2000 RPM.
 +
#Fuel pump – off (verify brief drop in fuel pressure)
 +
#Fuel pump – on
 +
#Throttle – slowly increase to 2900 RPM
 +
#Mag check
 +
##Mags – left (verify drop 50-150 RPM)
 +
##Mags – both (rpm returns to 2900)
 +
##Mags – right (verify drop 50-150 RPM)
 +
##Mags – both
 +
#Governor – on
 +
#Lights – As Required
 +
 
 +
 
 +
*Note: If you flood the engine, clear the flood by cranking the starter 2-3 seconds with mixture at FULL.  Then move mixture back to LEAN and attempt to start again.
 +
 
 
To bypass the normal procedure and start immediately, you can use the "Fast Start" button on the "@Cheats" menu.
 
To bypass the normal procedure and start immediately, you can use the "Fast Start" button on the "@Cheats" menu.
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PICKUP TO HOVER
 
−
Picking up to a hover is performed by slowly raising the collective until the helicopter becomes light on the skids. Pedal should be applied to stop any rotation, and cyclic should be applied to stop any lateral or forward/back motion. Considerable left pedal may be required in the pick-up to counteract torque from the main rotor.
 
−
HOVERING
 
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There are two types of hovering. In Ground Effect (IGE) hovering occurs in ground effect within a few meters of a surface (land, water, or a flat prim) and Out of Ground Effect (OGE) hovering occurs at altitude away from any surface. While hovering in general requires more power (collective) than other phases of flight, OGE hovering requires significantly more power than IGE hovering, and may be impossible depending on how heavily loaded the helicopter is.
 
−
Cyclic inputs in a hover should be small and controlled taking into account delay between input and the reaction of the helicopter. Use collective to control hight. It is important to learn to anticipate the reaction of the helicopter in response to an input. Over-controlling is a common problem for the beginning helicopter pilot. Forward hover taxi is performed by a very slight forward positioning of the cyclic. In general all hover taxiing should be performed with no more than a dot-width of movement from the center on the cyclic control display.
 
  
−
SET DOWN FROM HOVER
+
=== SHUT DOWN ===
−
Setting down from a hover essentially the reverse of a pickup. Slowly lower collective letting helicopter settle. As collective is lowed, right pedal may be necessary due to the reduction in torque.
 
−
NORMAL TAKEOFFS
 
−
Normal takeoffs should begin in a hover with an adequate obstacle free area ahead of the helicopter. From a hover, apply forward cyclic and allow helicopter to accelerate forward in ground effect. At about 30 mph, the helicopter will achieve ETL (Effective Translational Lift) allowing the helicopter to climb (see Section 8 for details on ETL). Some brief aft cyclic at 40 mph may be necessary. Control airspeed with forward cyclic to maintain a best climb airspeed of about 50 mph. Applying too much forward cyclic will reduce climb performance. Raise collective to increase rate of climb, but do not exceed the maximum manifold pressure of 29 inches (red line).
 
−
MAX PERFORMANCE TAKEOFFS
 
−
If takeoff is from a confined area, the max performance takeoff procedure can be used. Begin with helicopter on the ground and collective full down. Raise collective until manifold pressure is at 29 inches (red line) while applying slight forward cyclic to begin forward movement. When clear of the obstacle apply additional forward cyclic. Once ETL is reached at about 30 mph, continue climb as normal.
 
−
CRUISE
 
−
In cruise flight, use collective to control altitude, forward/back cyclic to control airspeed, and left/right cyclic for turns. Use the yaw string attached to the front of the bubble to help in coordinating turns. When the yaw string is straight up, the helicopter is aligned with the direction of movement. If the yaw string is leaning to one side, apply pedal in the direction you want it to move. For example, if the yaw string is leaning to the right, apply left pedal until it is vertical. The inclinometer (the black ball) on the HUD can be used in lieu of the yaw string. When using the inclinometer, pedal should be applied on the side to which the ball moves. Think "step on the ball". The VSI (Vertical Speed Indicator) can be used as a reference to help maintain a constant altitude. As with any helicopter, aggressive and abrupt control inputs should be avoided.
 
−
TURNS
 
−
Turns should be made primarily with the cyclic, using the yaw string to maintain coordination with the pedals as described above. In very steep turns, it may be necessary to increase collective slightly in the turn.
 
−
NORMAL LANDINGS
 
−
Begin a normal landing by reducing air speed to bout 50 mph and lowering the collective to maintain an approximately 500 foot per minute descent. Choose a target spot for your landing, keeping that spot at approximately the same place on the window. As you approach your touchdown spot, slowly decrease airspeed with back cyclic, and descent rate with up collective. Maintain above 30 mph until just before touchdown to avoid vortex ring state. As you transition to a hover, you will need additional up collective and left pedal to compensate for the torque.
 
−
STEEP APPROACHES
 
−
A steep approach can be used when landing is to a confined area. Follow the same procedure as for a normal landing, but slow to 30 mph and maintain that speed through the descent.
 
−
AIR TAXI
 
−
An air taxi is used to move quickly from one point to another on an airport. Begin an air taxi like a normal takeoff, but lower collective slightly to maintain a height of 10 to 20 meters over the airport while pitching with cyclic for approximately 50 mph. To exit an air taxi and land, apply back cyclic, down collective and ride pedal as necessary. Then make a normal landing to hover.
 
−
PRACTICE AUTOROTATIONS
 
−
The recommended altitude for practice autorotations is 500 feet AGL. Recommended procedures are as follows:
 
−
Set up a stabilized constant altitude approach to the runway at 500 feet AGL, then just before crossing the runway threshold, lower collective to minimum, roll throttle to idle, and apply right pedal as necessary to maintain coordination (use yaw string for reference). Throttle can be rolled to idle by clicking on the "idle" box under the throttle slider in the HUD. The box will turn red to indicate you have enabled "idle lock" which will lock the throttle in the idle position and prevent it from coming on with further collective adjustments (disengage idle lock by clicking the box again, or clicking anywhere on the throttle slider. For a runway that starts at a sim edge, you can set up the autorotation before crossing the sim boundary.
 
−
Maintain a forward speed of 50-60 mph during the descent. This speed can be adjusted up or down slightly in order to land at a specific spot, but should be within this target range before entering the flare.
 
−
At approximately 30 to 50 feet AGL, begin a cyclic flare by pulling back on the cyclic.
 
−
At approximately 10 feet AGL, level the helicopter with cyclic, and begin pulling up on the collective to cushion the landing.
 
−
Timing of the flare and collective input is critical. Since throttle is locked in idle, RPM will being to decay as soon as collective is pulled. Pulling too soon will result in RPM decaying while still airborne with the helicopter dropping to the ground. Pulling too late will result in a hard landing.
 
−
PRACTICE HOVERING AUTOROTATIONS
 
−
Practice hovering autorotations from a medium height hover. The apply the following procedures:
 
−
Click the "idle lock" button on HUD to lock throttle in idle position.
 
−
Apply immediate right pedal to hold heading and maintain collective until helicopter begins to sink
 
−
Apply full up collective as helicopter begins to sink
 
−
Lower collective once helicopter is fully on the ground
 
−
The goal should be to set down softly with little or no change in direction.
 
−
SHUT DOWN
 
 
Use the following procedure to shut down the engine:
 
Use the following procedure to shut down the engine:
−
Cyclic, pedals neutral. Collective full down.
+
#Controls – neutral
−
Governor Off
+
#Collective – full down
−
Decrease throttle to 2000 RPM
+
#Governor – off
−
Let rotor slow down to match engine
+
#Throttle – decrease to 2000 RPM
−
Throttle to idle
+
#Cylinder Temp – stabilized (about 160C)
−
Mixture full lean
+
#Throttle – idle  
−
Mags to Off
+
#Mixture – cutoff
−
Apply rotor brake when rotors below 200 RPM
+
#Mags – off
−
When rotors stopped, all switches off
+
#Rotor brake – on (when below 200 RPM)
 +
#Switches (Bat., Gen., Fuel Pump) – off

Latest revision as of 16:41, 25 June 2021

SECTION 4. NORMAL PROCEDURES

1 PREFLIGHT

A thorough pre-flight inspection is essential to the safe conduct of your flight. The following procedures are recommended:

  1. Inspect bubble for cracks
  2. Inspect landing lights
  3. Inspect pitot tube for blockage
  4. Inspect antenna for security
  5. Inspect right skids and struts. Ensure shocks not over compressed
  6. Remove right engine cowling
  7. Check all belts, fuel and exhaust lines
  8. Replace right engine cowling
  9. Inspect fan intake for blockage
  10. Inspect main rotor blades including inner and outer blades. Check all control linkages and dampers between inner and outer blades.
  11. Inspect tail rotor drive shaft
  12. Inspect right side fuselage
  13. Check horizontal stabilizer for security
  14. Check tail rotor gearboxes for security
  15. Check tail rotor for security and damage
  16. Remove hex nut on drive shaft and check oil level. Add if necessary.
  17. Inspect left-side fuselage
  18. Ensure baggage door closed
  19. Remove left-side engine cowling
  20. Check air filter, generator security, exhaust and fuel lines.
  21. Check engine oil level.
  22. Check main rotor transmission fluid level.
  23. Replace left-side engine cowling.
  24. Check fuel level.
  25. Drain both fuel sumps on belly and ensure no water or contaminants in fuel.
  26. Inspect left-side skids and struts. Ensure shocks not over compressed.
  27. Turn main rotor blades backwards to ensure centrifugal clutch is disengaged.

2 STARTING

Use the following procedure for normal starts:

  1. Controls – neutral
  2. Collective – full down
  3. Throttle – idle
  4. Mixture - lean
  5. Beacon – on
  6. Fuel Cutoff – on
  7. Switches (Bat., Gen., Fuel Pump) – on
  8. Rotor Brake – on
  9. Collective – raise slightly, then lower (verify low rpm horn sounds)
  10. Volts – verify > 9 volts
  11. Mags – both
  12. Throttle full and Mixture full rich for 4 seconds, then back to throttle idle and mixture cutoff. (This primes engine for start. Avoid priming too long to prevent flooding of engine*)
  13. Starter – press and hold until engine starts
  14. Mixture – Full rich as soon as engine starts
  15. Rotor brake – off
  16. Oil Press – Wait for > 25 psi
  17. Cylinder Temp – Wait for > 100 C
  18. ELT - ARMED
  19. Transponder – ALT
  20. Radios - set
  21. Throttle – slowly increase to 2000 RPM.
  22. Throttle – chop quickly. Verify needle split then back to 2000 RPM.
  23. Fuel pump – off (verify brief drop in fuel pressure)
  24. Fuel pump – on
  25. Throttle – slowly increase to 2900 RPM
  26. Mag check
    1. Mags – left (verify drop 50-150 RPM)
    2. Mags – both (rpm returns to 2900)
    3. Mags – right (verify drop 50-150 RPM)
    4. Mags – both
  27. Governor – on
  28. Lights – As Required


  • Note: If you flood the engine, clear the flood by cranking the starter 2-3 seconds with mixture at FULL. Then move mixture back to LEAN and attempt to start again.

To bypass the normal procedure and start immediately, you can use the "Fast Start" button on the "@Cheats" menu.

3 SHUT DOWN

Use the following procedure to shut down the engine:

  1. Controls – neutral
  2. Collective – full down
  3. Governor – off
  4. Throttle – decrease to 2000 RPM
  5. Cylinder Temp – stabilized (about 160C)
  6. Throttle – idle
  7. Mixture – cutoff
  8. Mags – off
  9. Rotor brake – on (when below 200 RPM)
  10. Switches (Bat., Gen., Fuel Pump) – off
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